Appropriate method and correct and principled program of feeding and fertilizing vineyards in order to develop methods compatible with the growth and development of hair trees and increase the productivity of gardeners as a result of better and faster growth of trees and also reduce the fruiting time of grapes. It is clearly visible in irrigation fertilizer programs. Therefore, in this article, suitable types of fertilizers for grape trees have been introduced.
Principles and methods of fertilizing vineyards:
By observing the principles of fertilizing vineyards by using a combination of low-consumption and high-consumption elements and chemical and organic substances can accelerate the growth rate and as a result the number of grape seeds in each cluster, grape seed coarse, cluster width and length, cluster weight and Increased the amount of soluble solids. According to the stages of growth and fruiting of grape trees, the order of feeding and fertilizing after hibernation, from the beginning of the first irrigation, ie at the time of bud swelling, from the fluffy stage and the emergence of the first leaf to 2-3 leaves, 5-6 leaves after Completion of leaf opening steps in hair follicles, 35 kg of ammonium sulfate with 5 kg / ha of boric acid is recommended. Before the beginning of the flowering stage, 35 kg / ha of complete fertilizer with high phosphorus and 25 kg / ha of urea fertilizer are given to the plant by irrigation fertilizer method. Thus, with the beginning of flowering in the full flowering stage and late flowering after that in the fruit cluster emergence stage, 20 kg / ha of complete fertilizer with 3 equal elements and 5 liters per hectare of humic acid fertilizer is used.
After the emergence of hair clusters (at the time of swelling of hair follicles) in the best stage of fruit ripening, 20 kg / ha of complete fertilizer with high potash should be used by irrigation fertilizer and 3 weeks before the fruit ripens with sulfate fertilizer. Potassium should be applied in the form of irrigation fertilizer in the amount of 15 to 25 kg per hectare until the fruits are ripe and complete with color change, so that the harvesting stage can be done.
Suitable conditions for growing hair trees:
During the feeding stages of vineyards, attention should be paid to growth areas and environmental conditions, because different grape cultivars in Iran can be cultivated from temperate to cold and subtropical regions. The maximum allowable slope for planting hair trees is up to 60% and the maximum tolerable temperature for it is 38 to 40 degrees Celsius and the minimum absolute temperature is -15 degrees Celsius, which outside this temperature range, the tree will be damaged. . In general, with the onset of autumn, until full fall of leaves and after hibernation with swelling of the first hair buds, its growth period lasts about 5-6 months and during this period, the average temperature should be between 20 to 24 degrees Celsius. Be.
Observing the right ambient temperature along with sunlight on the fruits of trees causes chemical processes and the production of carbohydrates that increase the amount of acid and sugar in it to preserve its astringent taste, have good quality in every way and be harvested properly. By optimally using the main and required fertilizers for hair trees, which include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, as well as trace elements or microelements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron, their basic needs can be met with new methods. Drip irrigation systems were provided through irrigation fertilizer and by controlling soil pH, microbial agents suitable for increasing the root consumption of grape bushes were strengthened and improved. A quick and convenient way to feed vineyards is to use essential and high-consumption elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, sulfur, zinc, barium, manganese and magnesium, as well as trace elements such as molybdenum, chlorine, calcium and copper.
In this way, it is possible to use only 250 to 450 grams of ammonium sulfamone sulfate fertilizer with 5% poultry manure (determine the required amount according to the age of the tree) for each single tree (in the form of manure within half a meter to the end Its shading to a depth of about 35 to 40 cm) in the irrigation route or under drippers increases the tonnage of grape fruits until harvest to reach consumers with a suitable and desirable quality
